Europa XXI (2020) vol. 39
Asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union: assessment and typology
Europa XXI (2020) vol. 39, pp. 45-62 | 
Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.6
citation: Jakubowski, A. (2020). Asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union: assessment and typology. Europa XXI, 39, 45-62. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.6
Abstract
The article aims to characterise the phenomenon, determine the degree, and analyse the dynamics and directions of change in the level of asymmetry of economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union (EU) based on GDP per capita (PPP). It also aims to propose a typology of cross-border areas in the EU considering the above criteria. The obtained results show that despite a relatively evident reduction of the level of asymmetry of economic development in many cases in the period 1990-2015, and particularly after 2004, many cross-border areas show significant disparities in the economic sphere. Moreover, the dynamics of the observed transformations remain spatially differentiated.
Keywords: asymmetry, borderlands, cohesion, cohesion policy, cross-border areas, disparities, European Union
[andrzej.jakubowski@umcs.pl], Institute of Social and Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
Citation
APA: Jakubowski, A. (2020). Asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union: assessment and typology. Europa XXI, 39, 45-62. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.6
MLA: Jakubowski, Andrzej. "Asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union: assessment and typology". Europa XXI, vol. 39, 2020, pp. 45-62. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.6
Chicago: Jakubowski, Andrzej. "Asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union: assessment and typology". Europa XXI 39 (2020): 45-62. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.6
Harvard: Jakubowski, A. 2020. "Asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union: assessment and typology". Europa XXI, vol. 39, pp. 45-62. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.6
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