Europa XXI (2024) vol. 46
Current challenges for spatial planning in EU country systems (1)
Articles
Regional Planning in France and Germany: towards convergence?
Europa XXI (2024) vol. 46, pp. 1 | 
Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.1
Abstract
The comparison of planning systems is a well-established field of study in the planning sciences. However, the typologies in use seem to be outdated as planning systems in Europe change continuously, showing disruption as well as path-dependent trajectories. The eventual demise of regional planning has been one of the focal points in this debate. In this paper, we compare two planning systems following the idea of variation-finding comparison. We seek to find the differences within a group of similar systems (i.e. western European social-democratic welfare states). The two countries chosen for this contribution are Germany and France and our empirical focus is on regional planning in city-regions. The two countries usually are considered to be very different in terms of politics and governmental structure as well as with regard to the planning system. Recent reforms in France demonstrate that regional planning goes into the direction of a more consolidated system, eventually showing more convergence with the German system than expected. Our results demonstrate that differences continue to exist but that there is also considerable sub-national variation in both countries so that there is more convergence on the level of city-regions than on the national level. In addition, we put into question the widely assumed demise of regional planning.
Keywords: comparative method, France, Germany, metropolitan region, regional planning
[karsten.zimmermann@tu-dortmund.de], Technische Universität Dortmund, Faculty of Spatial Planning, European Planning Cultures August-Schmidt-Str. 4-6, 44227 Dortmund: Germany
[patricia.feiertag@tu-dortmund.de], Technische Universität Dortmund, Faculty of Spatial Planning, European Planning Cultures August-Schmidt-Str. 4-6, 44227 Dortmund: Germany
Citation
APA: Zimmermann, K., & Feiertag, P. (2024). Regional Planning in France and Germany: towards convergence?. Europa XXI, 46, 1. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.1
MLA: Zimmermann, Karsten, and Feiertag, Patricia. "Regional Planning in France and Germany: towards convergence?". Europa XXI, vol. 46, 2024, pp. 1. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.1
Chicago: Zimmermann, Karsten, and Feiertag, Patricia. "Regional Planning in France and Germany: towards convergence?". Europa XXI 46 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.1
Harvard: Zimmermann, K., & Feiertag, P. 2024. "Regional Planning in France and Germany: towards convergence?". Europa XXI, vol. 46, pp. 1. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.1
Europa XXI (2024) vol. 46, pp. 2 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.2
Abstract
In the context of modern, sustainable urban development, various socio-technical innovations have proliferated in response to urban challenges, offering well-defined solutions. Since the 1970s, the so-called ‘backseat generation’, a group of children whose parents drive them to school daily, has emerged in developed countries, particularly in urban areas. This phenomenon has many adverse effects on children, the environment, and urban spaces. The present study addresses the issue of urban transport management, in particular, the issue of daily active transport to school. Based on literature analysis, it aims to present good international examples, such as the pedibus and the bicycle bus, which emphasize local values and resources in the light of the 'slow city' concept. The study concludes with a presentation and evaluation of the pilot programs (Pedibus in Gödöllő and Bicibus in Pécs) that have been established in Hungary in recent years. These programs provide a supervised, safe, group-based solution for school children and their families to get to school and build community between different generations.
Keywords: active travel to school, bicycle bus, community mobility, community organization, pedibus, ‘slow city’ concept, sustainable urban mobility, urban mobility, walking school bus
[kezai.petra@krtk.hun-ren.hu kezai.petra.kinga@sze.hu], West Hungarian Research Department, Institute for Regional Studies, HUN-REN Center for Economic and Regional Studies Liszt Ferenc u. 10., H-9022 Győr: Hungary / Department of Corporate Leaderships and Marketing, Kautz Gyula Faculty of Economics, Széchenyi István University Egyetem tér 1., H-9026 Győr: Hungary
Citation
APA: Kézai, P. (2024). Sustainable urban mobility programs that serve as active travel to school programs in Hungary: The case of Pedibus and Bicibus. Europa XXI, 46, 2. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.2
MLA: Kézai, Petra Kinga. "Sustainable urban mobility programs that serve as active travel to school programs in Hungary: The case of Pedibus and Bicibus". Europa XXI, vol. 46, 2024, pp. 2. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.2
Chicago: Kézai, Petra Kinga. "Sustainable urban mobility programs that serve as active travel to school programs in Hungary: The case of Pedibus and Bicibus". Europa XXI 46 (2024): 2. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.2
Harvard: Kézai, P. 2024. "Sustainable urban mobility programs that serve as active travel to school programs in Hungary: The case of Pedibus and Bicibus". Europa XXI, vol. 46, pp. 2. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.2
Europa XXI (2024) vol. 46, pp. 5 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.3
Abstract
The paper aims to compare the existing spatial planning system in both countries, their spatial planning laws, documents and planning approaches. It focuses on the level of land use and urban planning instruments at the local level. It addresses the administrative and procedural characteristics of the two countries as well as experiences and examples of best practices that can be shared in the future. The results presented show that the countries are quite similar in terms of both the planning system and the typology of spatial planning acts. There are clearer differences in the planning approaches at the local level and in the current challenges regarding the stakeholders' participation in the planning processes.
Keywords: spatial planning system, planning instruments, land use, Poland, Slovenia
[gregor.cok@fgg.uni-lj.si], Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana: Slovenia
[mojca.foski@fgg.uni-lj.si], Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana: Slovenia
[alma.zavodnik-lamovsek@fgg.uni-lj.si], Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana: Slovenia
[gasper.mrak@fgg.uni-lj.si], Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana: Slovenia
[jopekd@uek.krakow.pl], Institute of Spatial Management and Urban Studies, Faculty of Public and Public Administration, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Krakow: Poland
[klimczakl@uek.krakow.pl], Institute of Spatial Management and Urban Studies, Faculty of Public and Public Administration, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Krakow: Poland
[dszlenk@irmir.pl], Institute of Urban and Regional Development, ul. Cieszyńska 2, 30-015 Krakow: Poland
Citation
APA: Čok, G., Foški, M., Zavodnik Lamovšek, A., Mrak, G., Jopek, D., Kochel, L., & Szlenk-Dziubek, D. (2024). Planning in Poland and Slovenia – Introduction to Comparative Analysis of Spatial Planning Systems at the Local Level. Europa XXI, 46, 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.3
MLA: Čok, Gregor, et al. "Planning in Poland and Slovenia – Introduction to Comparative Analysis of Spatial Planning Systems at the Local Level". Europa XXI, vol. 46, 2024, pp. 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.3
Chicago: Čok, Gregor, Foški, Mojca, Zavodnik Lamovšek, Alma, Mrak, Gašper, Jopek, Dorota, Kochel, Laura, and Szlenk-Dziubek, Dorota. "Planning in Poland and Slovenia – Introduction to Comparative Analysis of Spatial Planning Systems at the Local Level". Europa XXI 46 (2024): 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.3
Harvard: Čok, G., Foški, M., Zavodnik Lamovšek, A., Mrak, G., Jopek, D., Kochel, L., & Szlenk-Dziubek, D. 2024. "Planning in Poland and Slovenia – Introduction to Comparative Analysis of Spatial Planning Systems at the Local Level". Europa XXI, vol. 46, pp. 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.3
Europa XXI (2024) vol. 46, pp. 5 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.5
Abstract
Since 2000, a rapid but poorly planned and managed urban expansion process has been observed around Riga, the capital of Latvia. The article reflects the opinions and efforts of municipalities in spatial and social transformation, residents’ rating of the urban and social environment and the results of spatial and morphological analysis, studying three suburban areas. It states that the spatial development policies of all levels have not been adequately implemented in local government spatial plans, creating a suburban built environment with low accessibility, availability, density, diversity and nodality, and outlines the first attempts of urban sprawl repair, calling for planning at the neighbourhood scale and activation of communities.
Keywords: spatial planning, urban sprawl, suburban built environment, qualities, community
[gunta.lukstina@lu.lv], University of Latvia, Faculty of Science and Technology Raiņa bulv. 19, Rīga, LV-1050: Latvia
[ilona.savraka@riga.lv], Rīga state municipality, City Development Department Dzirnavu street 140, Rīga, LV-1050: Latvia
[rudolfs.cimdins@rpr.gov.lv], University of Latvia, Faculty of Science and Technology Raiņa bulv. 19, Rīga, LV-1050: Latvia
[gundars.zadovskis@marupe.lv], Municipality of Mārupe County, Development and Planning Administration Daugavas street 29, Mārupe, LV – 2167: Latvia
Citation
APA: Lukstiņa, G., Šavraka, I., Cimdiņš, R., & Zadovskis, G. (2024). Spatial Planning and Urban Sprawl in Latvia: A Case of ‘Pierīga’ Status, Opinions and Future Perspectives. Europa XXI, 46, 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.5
MLA: Lukstiņa, Gunta, et al. "Spatial Planning and Urban Sprawl in Latvia: A Case of ‘Pierīga’ Status, Opinions and Future Perspectives". Europa XXI, vol. 46, 2024, pp. 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.5
Chicago: Lukstiņa, Gunta, Šavraka, Ilona, Cimdiņš, Rūdolfs, and Zadovskis, Gundars. "Spatial Planning and Urban Sprawl in Latvia: A Case of ‘Pierīga’ Status, Opinions and Future Perspectives". Europa XXI 46 (2024): 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.5
Harvard: Lukstiņa, G., Šavraka, I., Cimdiņš, R., & Zadovskis, G. 2024. "Spatial Planning and Urban Sprawl in Latvia: A Case of ‘Pierīga’ Status, Opinions and Future Perspectives". Europa XXI, vol. 46, pp. 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.5
Europa XXI (2024) vol. 46, pp. 7 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.7
Abstract
This article identifies the key factors either supporting or blocking the implementation of the Right to the City concept in the urban planning systems of Brazil and Poland. Poland and Brazil, despite some differences, can be compared from the perspective of selected features of spatial planning systems. A characterisation of the spatial planning systems of both countries, including their legal and socio-political conditions, is made. The article identifies these institutional challenges and barriers in both national spatial planning systems, which can be linked to a discussion of the Right to the city concept. It then analyses how elements of the Right to the City concept are implemented in each system and what constitutes the main barrier. Those elements of the Right to the City concept that can be more universally compared were identified. The commonalities and discrepancies found in the two systems are then discussed. In Brazil, the Right to the City concept is much more strongly framed in formal and legal terms, but market and social inequalities are a barrier to its implementation. In Poland, on the other hand, there is a broader institutional inertia in the implementation of the concept. In both countries, there are serious (different) barriers related to the implementation of the Right to the City concept in the urban planning system.
Keywords: governance, planning cultures, Right to the City, spatial planning, urban planning
[macnowak@zut.edu.pl], West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Economics, Department of Real Estate Żołnierska 47, 71-210 Szczecin: Poland
[r.c.rocco@tudelft.nl], Technische Universiteit Delft (TU Delft), Department of Urbanism Julianalaan 134 2628BL Delft: The Netherlands
Citation
APA: Nowak, M., & Rocco, R. (2024). Opportunities and barriers related to the implementation of the Right to the City concept in the Brazilian and Polish urban planning system. A comparative study. Europa XXI, 46, 7. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.7
MLA: Nowak, Maciej, and Rocco, Roberto. "Opportunities and barriers related to the implementation of the Right to the City concept in the Brazilian and Polish urban planning system. A comparative study". Europa XXI, vol. 46, 2024, pp. 7. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.7
Chicago: Nowak, Maciej, and Rocco, Roberto. "Opportunities and barriers related to the implementation of the Right to the City concept in the Brazilian and Polish urban planning system. A comparative study". Europa XXI 46 (2024): 7. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.7
Harvard: Nowak, M., & Rocco, R. 2024. "Opportunities and barriers related to the implementation of the Right to the City concept in the Brazilian and Polish urban planning system. A comparative study". Europa XXI, vol. 46, pp. 7. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2024.46.7
Review
Europa XXI (2024) vol. 46, pp. 10 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2024.46.10
Abstract
Book Review: Spatial Planning Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries. Review and Comparison of Selected Issues.
By Maciej J. Nowak, Andrei Mitrea, Gunta Lukstiņa, Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor, Krisztina Filepné Kovács, Velislava Simeonova, Pavel Yanchev, Evelin Jürgenson, Kätlin Põdra, Vít Řezáč, Kristina Mikalauskaite, Birute Pranevičienė, Zuzana Ladzianska, Martin Baloga, Cham, Springer, 2023, 100 pages, ISBN 9783031427220
[giancarlo.cotella@polito.it], Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning (DIST), Politecnico di Torino 39 Viale Mattioli, 10125 Turin: Italy
Citation
APA: Cotella, G. (2024). Book Review: Spatial Planning Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries. Review and Comparison of Selected Issues. Europa XXI, 46, 10. https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2024.46.10
MLA: Cotella, Giancarlo. "Book Review: Spatial Planning Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries. Review and Comparison of Selected Issues". Europa XXI, vol. 46, 2024, pp. 10. https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2024.46.10
Chicago: Cotella, Giancarlo. "Book Review: Spatial Planning Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries. Review and Comparison of Selected Issues". Europa XXI 46 (2024): 10. https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2024.46.10
Harvard: Cotella, G. 2024. "Book Review: Spatial Planning Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries. Review and Comparison of Selected Issues". Europa XXI, vol. 46, pp. 10. https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2024.46.10