Jakub Szmyd
Articles
Biothermal contrasts while travelling in or between Poland and Bulgaria
Europa XXI (2015) vol. 29, pp. 73-84 | 
Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.5
Abstract Given that the number of tourists travelling between Poland and Bulgaria increases every year, this article considers the adaptation strain facing those who move between certain sites on national or international routes. The Adaptation Strain Index (ASI) was applied for this purpose, and seasonal and spatial patterns of bioclimatic contrasts were considered. While travel within one or other of the countries does not prove particularly oppressive, it may sometimes lead to moderate adaptation strain. In contrast, international travel may prove especially stressful in summer and winter, to the extent that even very strong adaptation strain may be evoked. The results confirm the utility of the Adaptation Strain Index in measuring the bioclimatic contrasts between different locations.
Keywords: Adaptation Strain Index, ASI, bioclimate, Bulgaria, Poland, tourism
[pmilewski@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
[j.wolski@twarda.pan.pl], IMGW Warszawa
Citation
APA: Milewski, P., & Szmyd, J. (2015). Biothermal contrasts while travelling in or between Poland and Bulgaria. Europa XXI, 29, 73-84. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.5
MLA: Milewski, Paweł, and Szmyd, Jakub. "Biothermal contrasts while travelling in or between Poland and Bulgaria". Europa XXI, vol. 29, 2015, pp. 73-84. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.5
Chicago: Milewski, Paweł, and Szmyd, Jakub. "Biothermal contrasts while travelling in or between Poland and Bulgaria". Europa XXI 29 (2015): 73-84. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.5
Harvard: Milewski, P., & Szmyd, J. 2015. "Biothermal contrasts while travelling in or between Poland and Bulgaria". Europa XXI, vol. 29, pp. 73-84. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.5
Daily amplitude of air temperature in Poland and Bulgaria - a comparative study
Europa XXI (2015) vol. 29, pp. 85-94 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.6
Abstract The work presented here aimed to compare daily amplitudes of air temperature in Poland and Bulgaria, by reference to data from 36 meteorological stations (i.e. 18 from each country) over the period 2000-2012. It proved possible to demonstrate that the average temperature amplitude at the stations in Poland is 2-3°C smaller than that noted for Bulgaria, with the spatial differentiation characterising such averages also being significantly more limited in Poland. Where the annual course for average amplitudes in air temperature in Poland are concerned, there are two maxima and two minima to be noted, as compared with one maximum and one minimum in Bulgaria. The highest values for average daily amplitude in air temperature to be noted in Poland are those typical for May, while highest values in Bulgaria fall in August. The differences between Poland and Bulgaria also manifest themselves in the markedly greater frequency of occurrence of large (>20°C) values for temperature amplitudes to be noted in Bulgaria.
Keywords: amplitude, air temperature, Bulgaria, climatology, Poland
[j.wolski@twarda.pan.pl], IMGW Warszawa
[pmilewski@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Citation
APA: Szmyd, J., & Milewski, P. (2015). Daily amplitude of air temperature in Poland and Bulgaria - a comparative study. Europa XXI, 29, 85-94. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.6
MLA: Szmyd, Jakub, and Milewski, Paweł. "Daily amplitude of air temperature in Poland and Bulgaria - a comparative study". Europa XXI, vol. 29, 2015, pp. 85-94. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.6
Chicago: Szmyd, Jakub, and Milewski, Paweł. "Daily amplitude of air temperature in Poland and Bulgaria - a comparative study". Europa XXI 29 (2015): 85-94. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.6
Harvard: Szmyd, J., & Milewski, P. 2015. "Daily amplitude of air temperature in Poland and Bulgaria - a comparative study". Europa XXI, vol. 29, pp. 85-94. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.29.6