Europa XXI (2019) vol. 36

Abstract

Sea space has been undergoing a profound transformation. Although it retains its inspirational function in arts, literature and philosophy, it has been gaining new anthropogenic dimensions in economics and urban planning as a source of satisfying human needs i.e. the provision of harmony, beauty, off-shore energy, and biotech substances. Therefore, in this paper marine space is analyzed from a multidimensional perspective of urban  planning, economics, and literature. Maritime space has been a subject of literature from its inception. Without attempting to give an overview of the vast topic, the paper discusses the pronounced presence of sea space in the earliest Western literary sources, such as the Bible and Anglo-Saxon poetry. As a striking case study, Herman Melville’s 1851 novel Moby-Dick is analyzed with its complex, dynamic notion of maritime space. Aditionally, the importance of the shore as locus amoenus in a short story by the contemporary writer Maxim D. Shrayer is examined. This notion of locus amoenus is also present in the research related to urban planning. Maritime space attracts people to locate nearby. Development is created as a response to these demands. Both urban planning and economics underline, however, a need of sustainable development of this space. This is crucial in order to secure its positive influence on human well-being in the long run. The three disciplines also point out that maritime space remains in the process of continuous creation and re-development in course of adding new functional and axiological ties between humans and the seas and oceans. Thus, nowadays maritime space covers both sea and terrestrial gateways servicing the sea and the key constituting factor is provided by human beings (homo maritimus) through their economic, social or emotional bond to the sea.

Keywords: literature, locus amoenus, maritime space, spatial economics, urban planning

Katarzyna Jerzak [katarzyna.jerzak@apsl.edu.pl], Institute of Modern Languages, Pomeranian University in Słupsk
Maxim D. Shrayer [shrayerm@bc.edu], Department of Slavic and Eastern Languages and Literatures, Boston College
Karolina A. Krośnicka [karolina.krosnicka@pg.edu.pl], Faculty of Architecture, Gdansk University of Technology
Piotr Lorens [plorens@pg.edu.pl], Faculty of Architecture, Gdańsk University of Technology
Jacek Zaucha [jacek.zaucha@ug.edu.pl], Faculty of Economics, University of Gdańsk
Joanna Pardus [joanna.pardus@im.umg.edu.pl], Maritime Institute in Gdańsk of Maritime University of Gdynia, Institute for Development

Citation

APA: Jerzak, K., Shrayer, M., Krośnicka, K., Lorens, P., Zaucha, J., & Pardus, J. (2019). The essence of marine and coastal space – an interdisciplinary perspective. Europa XXI, 36, 15-33. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.2
MLA: Jerzak, Katarzyna, et al. "The essence of marine and coastal space – an interdisciplinary perspective". Europa XXI, vol. 36, 2019, pp. 15-33. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.2
Chicago: Jerzak, Katarzyna, Shrayer, Maxim D., Krośnicka, Karolina A., Lorens, Piotr, Zaucha, Jacek, and Pardus, Joanna. "The essence of marine and coastal space – an interdisciplinary perspective". Europa XXI 36 (2019): 15-33. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.2
Harvard: Jerzak, K., Shrayer, M., Krośnicka, K., Lorens, P., Zaucha, J., & Pardus, J. 2019. "The essence of marine and coastal space – an interdisciplinary perspective". Europa XXI, vol. 36, pp. 15-33. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.2

Recommended

EU macro-regional strategies for the Baltic Sea Region after 2020. A nutshell of beauty and possibilities
Europa XXI (2020) vol. 38

A place-based perspective on marine and coastal space
Europa XXI (2019) vol. 36

Abstract

Taking inspiration from maritime spatial planning, more in particular the Law of the Sea dividing ocean space into zones of graduated control, including areas beyond national jurisdiction (whereby definition territorialism does not apply) the paper revisits territories as the building blocks of a political order. From there it proceeds to discussing the power, not to say the delusion of territorial sovereignty,only to revisit neo-medievalism as an alternative ordering principle for the governance of space. Accordingly, though sovereign in theory, stand-along territories are in reality conceptualises as being enmeshed in a web of functional relations, many of which with their own governance arrangements and with many overlaps between them. Which makes imposing an overall order a doubtful enterprise.

Keywords: Law of the Sea, maritime spatial planning, neo-medievalism, territorialism

Andreas Faludi [afaludi@outlook.com], Delft University of Technology, Oostplantsoen 114, 2611 WL Delft: The Netherlands (Professor Emeritus)

Citation

APA: Faludi, A. (2019). New Horizons: Beyond Territorialism. Europa XXI, 36, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.3
MLA: Faludi, Andreas. "New Horizons: Beyond Territorialism". Europa XXI, vol. 36, 2019, pp. 35-44. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.3
Chicago: Faludi, Andreas. "New Horizons: Beyond Territorialism". Europa XXI 36 (2019): 35-44. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.3
Harvard: Faludi, A. 2019. "New Horizons: Beyond Territorialism". Europa XXI, vol. 36, pp. 35-44. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.3

Recommended

Book Review: The Poverty of Territorialism. A Neo-Medieval View of Europe and European Planning. Andreas Faludi. Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2018; 200 pages, ISBN 978 1 78897 360 1
Europa XXI (2018) vol. 35

Abstract

The interactions between land and sea are fundamental to human wellbeing. Within Europe, the 2014 Directive establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning (MSP Directive), which requires EU coastal member states to have marine spatial plans in place by 2021, also requires that MSP authorities should explicitly take into account land-sea interactions. This has stimulated a new phase of investigation into land-sea interactions in Europe. This paper aims to contribute to marine and coastal planning debates by reflecting on one of these investigations, the Maritime Spatial Planning and Land Sea Interactions (MSP-LSI) project. The paper starts by providing a historical overview of the growing attention being paid to LSI within the context of European policy making. This sets the context for the MSP-LSI project and the approach to exploring land-sea interactions it developed is outlined. The paper then uses examples from the project’s case study investigations to highlight and illustrate some of the wider insights the project revealed, both in relation to the extensive spatial footprint associated with selected maritime sectors and how marine space is being shaped by, and contributing to landward activity and governance agendas. It concludes by presenting a case not only for adopting a ‘one space’ perspective in MSP, but in territorial spatial planning and management regimes more generally.

Keywords: ESPON, governance, land-sea interaction, marine planning, territorial planning, value chain analysis

Sue Kidd [suekidd@liverpool.ac.uk], Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool
David Shaw [daveshaw@liverpool.ac.uk], Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool
Holger Janssen [holger.janssen@afrlrr.mv-regierung.de], Agency for Spatial Planning and State Planning Rostock Region

Citation

APA: Kidd, S., Shaw, D., & Janssen, H. (2019). Exploring land-sea interactions: Insights for shaping territorial space. Europa XXI, 36, 45-59. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.5
MLA: Kidd, Sue, et al. "Exploring land-sea interactions: Insights for shaping territorial space". Europa XXI, vol. 36, 2019, pp. 45-59. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.5
Chicago: Kidd, Sue, Shaw, David, and Janssen, Holger. "Exploring land-sea interactions: Insights for shaping territorial space". Europa XXI 36 (2019): 45-59. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.5
Harvard: Kidd, S., Shaw, D., & Janssen, H. 2019. "Exploring land-sea interactions: Insights for shaping territorial space". Europa XXI, vol. 36, pp. 45-59. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.5

Abstract

Over recent years the sea has experienced re-interpretation as marine space, or more specifically as marine spatial planning (MSP) space. This article uses the concept of place as a contrasting interpretation to space, referring to place-making as a metaphor for the various ways in which meaning is created in the sea. As expressions of an intimate connection between experienced materiality and symbolism, places (unlike space) are never abstract, but always carry emotional dimensions. Place attachment can be the result of everyday professional links, recreational activities, or living by the sea, and arises despite the greater intangibility of locations in the sea. As a result of their greater physical intangibility, places in the sea may require more frequent (re-)making than places on land, pointing to the inherent importance (and value in their own right) of the associated (socio-cultural) processes of place-making. The ability to engage in place-making is thus an important avenue for expressing place-based values, an understanding which could be used to enrich marine spatial planning processes. Focusing more on the intimate connections people have with places in the sea and how quality of place matters to them could turn MSP into an enabler of place-making, becoming more of a rich and continuous dialogue around the multiple ways in which people interact with and value the sea.

Keywords: emotional attachment, meaning, place, place-making, quality of place, space

Kira Gee [kira.gee@hzg.de], Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht
Daniela Siedschlag [daniela.siedschlag@ufz.de], Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung

Citation

APA: Gee, K., & Siedschlag, D. (2019). A place-based perspective on marine and coastal space. Europa XXI, 36, 61-75. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.6
MLA: Gee, Kira, and Siedschlag, Daniela. "A place-based perspective on marine and coastal space". Europa XXI, vol. 36, 2019, pp. 61-75. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.6
Chicago: Gee, Kira, and Siedschlag, Daniela. "A place-based perspective on marine and coastal space". Europa XXI 36 (2019): 61-75. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.6
Harvard: Gee, K., & Siedschlag, D. 2019. "A place-based perspective on marine and coastal space". Europa XXI, vol. 36, pp. 61-75. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.6

Recommended

EU macro-regional strategies for the Baltic Sea Region after 2020. A nutshell of beauty and possibilities
Europa XXI (2020) vol. 38

Abstract

This paper presents the concept of Smart Cities from the perspective of those located by water,considering if there are more major differences in the way the concept is implemented in coastal cities,as opposed to those located anywhere else. It proves possible to point to such differences, in relation tothe three key areas of mobility, the environment and living. Further consideration is given to specific legaland cross cultural challenges – like excessive tourism and issues of short-term rental – as these appearfrom the Smart City perspective; and relevant mobility challenges are also addressed. The article furtherrefers to aspects the Smart City and blue growth concepts have in common, as well as to areas in whichcoordination of the two will be necessary. Ultimately, conclusions are arrived at on the basis of researchresults for 10 large cities in Poland, the readiness of their city offices to implement the Smart City concepthaving been the subject of verification.

Keywords: blue city, city managament, coastal cities, overtourism, short-term rental, smart city

Aleksander Orłowski [aleksander.orlowski@zie.pg.gda.pl], Management Department, Faculty of Management and Economics, Gdańsk University of Technology
Edward Szczerbicki [edward.szczerbicki@newcastle.edu.au], School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Newcastle

Citation

APA: Orłowski, A., & Szczerbicki, E. (2019). Smart Blue Cities. Europa XXI, 36, 77-88. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.7
MLA: Orłowski, Aleksander, and Szczerbicki, Edward. "Smart Blue Cities". Europa XXI, vol. 36, 2019, pp. 77-88. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.7
Chicago: Orłowski, Aleksander, and Szczerbicki, Edward. "Smart Blue Cities". Europa XXI 36 (2019): 77-88. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.7
Harvard: Orłowski, A., & Szczerbicki, E. 2019. "Smart Blue Cities". Europa XXI, vol. 36, pp. 77-88. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.7

Abstract

This paper explores how geography shapes human uses of the maritime space along the Atlantic archipelagic territories of Macaronesia, a biogeographical region that includes the archipelagos of theAzores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and Cape Verde. The way specific geographic characteristics of these islands influence and even determine maritime uses and activities is analyzed in a three-layers approachin the following order: socio-economic analysis, sectorial analysis and uses and activities analysis. The biophysical and geographical characteristics of each archipelago will be considered throughout theanalysis, highlighting the common aspects and peculiarities between each region. After a comprehensive overview of the main economic activities, the discussion suggests that certain specificities need to betaken into account in maritime spatial planning processes when planning and managing human uses at sea, to promote the sustainable development of local communities, particularly in archipelagic regions.

Keywords: archipelagic regions, island geography, maritime uses

Helena Maria Gregório Pina Calado [helena.mg.calado@uac.pt], MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Biology, University of the Azores
Mario Caña Varona [cmario1985@hotmail.com], Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores
Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero [vivero@us.es], Department of Human Geography, Universidad de Sevilla
Fabiana Cordeiro Moniz [fabiana.ic.moniz@uac.pt], Fundação Gaspar Frutuoso. Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Biology, University of the Azores
Firdaous Halim [firdaous.halim@gmail.com], IOC/UNESCO
Daniela De Lima Gabriel [daniela.l.gabriel@uac.pt], CIBIO—Research Center in Biodiversity, Genetic Resources/InBIO—Associate Laboratory, University of the Azores
Cláudia Luísa Salvador Hipólito [claudia.ls.lopes@uac.pt], CIBIO—Research Center in Biodiversity, Genetic Resources/InBIO—Associate Laboratory, University of the Azores
Elisabetta Menini [elisabetta.menini@duke.edu], Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University
Diogo Kramel [diogo.kramel@gmail.com], Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores
Marta Horta De Sousa Vergílio [marta.hs.vergilio@uac.pt], CIBIO—Research Center in Biodiversity, Genetic Resources/InBIO—Associate Laboratory, University of the Azores
Maria Adelaide Ferreira [maferreira@fc.ul.pt], MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa

Citation

APA: Calado, H., Varona, M., Suárez de Vivero, J., Moniz, F., Halim, F., Gabriel, D., Hipólito, C., Menini, E., Kramel, D., Vergílio, M., & Ferreira, M. (2019). Island geography shaping maritime space in Macaronesia. Europa XXI, 36, 89-105. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.8
MLA: Calado, Helena Maria Gregório Pina, et al. "Island geography shaping maritime space in Macaronesia". Europa XXI, vol. 36, 2019, pp. 89-105. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.8
Chicago: Calado, Helena Maria Gregório Pina, Varona, Mario Caña, Suárez de Vivero, Juan Luis, Moniz, Fabiana Cordeiro, Halim, Firdaous, Gabriel, Daniela De Lima, Hipólito, Cláudia Luísa Salvador, Menini, Elisabetta, Kramel, Diogo, Vergílio, Marta Horta De Sousa, and Ferreira, Maria Adelaide. "Island geography shaping maritime space in Macaronesia". Europa XXI 36 (2019): 89-105. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.8
Harvard: Calado, H., Varona, M., Suárez de Vivero, J., Moniz, F., Halim, F., Gabriel, D., Hipólito, C., Menini, E., Kramel, D., Vergílio, M., & Ferreira, M. 2019. "Island geography shaping maritime space in Macaronesia". Europa XXI, vol. 36, pp. 89-105. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.8

Abstract

The growth in the size of ships causes, in particular, a significant increase in demand for port surfaces and for the depths of water areas needed to serve ships in the ports. Due to technological changes in the transshipment and storage systems, and, on the other hand, due to the continuing pressure of developing cities, ports have increasingly rarely the adequate space reserves for their activities, and so currently they move towards the sea with their activities. The paper discusses the reasons for the phenomenon of expansion of ports towards the sea and its effects on maritime spatial planning.

Keywords: maritime spatial planning, port evolution, seaports

Karolina A. Krośnicka [karolina.krosnicka@pg.edu.pl], Faculty of Architecture, Gdansk University of Technology

Citation

APA: Krośnicka, K. (2019). Container port expansion towards the sea in the context of maritime spatial planning. Europa XXI, 36, 107-115. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.9
MLA: Krośnicka, Karolina A.. "Container port expansion towards the sea in the context of maritime spatial planning". Europa XXI, vol. 36, 2019, pp. 107-115. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.9
Chicago: Krośnicka, Karolina A.. "Container port expansion towards the sea in the context of maritime spatial planning". Europa XXI 36 (2019): 107-115. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.9
Harvard: Krośnicka, K. 2019. "Container port expansion towards the sea in the context of maritime spatial planning". Europa XXI, vol. 36, pp. 107-115. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2019.36.9