Tomasz Komornicki

Abstract

The study assess the position of the Śląskie Voivodeship in the European space of flows. The main objectives are: (1) to examine the regional position in the interregional space of flows, and (2) to assess this position in terms of the decarbonisation processes planned under the European Green Deal policy. In order to do this, the strengths and weaknesses of the region were identified, the flows potentially vulnerable to the restructuring process of the region's coal-based economy were recognised, and the extent and scale of the impact of decarbonisation on the region's economic situation was determined. An analysis of indicators such as intensity and concentration of flows places the region on the flow periphery, as the most significant flows are concentrated in Western and Northern Europe. One exception to this pattern is the transport of goods when measured in tonnes, which makes the region an important hub on a European scale. However, the most intensive flows link it with other Polish regions. Moreover the specificity of the Śląskie Voivodeship means that any effects of the European Green Deal will be particularly strongly felt, as it is among the regions experiencing the greatest negative impact of this policy on the economy and labour market.

Keywords: decarbonisation, European Green Deal, flows, international competitiveness of regions, low-carbon transition, position with(in) the space of flows, space of flows, Śląskie Voivodeship

Julia Wójcik [j.wojcik@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55 00-818 Warsaw: Poland
Barbara Szejgiec-Kolenda [b.szejgiec@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Konrad Czapiewski [konrad@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Miguel Ángel Almazán-Gómez [malmazan@unizar.es], Department of Economic Analysis, University of Zaragoza, Gran Vía 2, 50005, Zaragoza: Spain / AgriFood Institute of Aragon, IA2, Calle de Miguel Servet, 177, 50013, Zaragoza: Spain

Citation

APA: Wójcik, J., Szejgiec-Kolenda, B., Czapiewski, K., Komornicki, T., & Almazán-Gómez, M. (2022). The place of Śląskie Voivodeship (Poland) in the greening space of flows. Europa XXI, 42, 31-65. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2022.42.6
MLA: Wójcik, Julia, et al. "The place of Śląskie Voivodeship (Poland) in the greening space of flows". Europa XXI, vol. 42, 2022, pp. 31-65. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2022.42.6
Chicago: Wójcik, Julia, Szejgiec-Kolenda, Barbara, Czapiewski, Konrad, Komornicki, Tomasz, and Almazán-Gómez, Miguel Ángel. "The place of Śląskie Voivodeship (Poland) in the greening space of flows". Europa XXI 42 (2022): 31-65. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2022.42.6
Harvard: Wójcik, J., Szejgiec-Kolenda, B., Czapiewski, K., Komornicki, T., & Almazán-Gómez, M. 2022. "The place of Śląskie Voivodeship (Poland) in the greening space of flows". Europa XXI, vol. 42, pp. 31-65. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2022.42.6

Abstract

While a gradual increase in the permeability of the boundaries present in Europe was long seen as a linear process irreversible in nature, that situation in fact started to change around 2015. The process that then ensued reflected crises associated with influxes of refugees, the geopolitical situation in Ukraine, and then, from 2020 onwards, the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes might further be set against the two facts that there are, on the one hand, numerous locations in which cross-border or transboundary functional connections have become so strong that mechanisms hitherto acting in support of their development simply fail to suffice; as well as, on the other hand, many near-border areas that remain entirely peripheral. Pandemic circumstances made plain the inadequate level of institutional support extended to the development and functioning of transboundary functional areas, including as regards their labour markets. And so to the articles brought together in the present edition of ‘Europa XXI’, which seek to address the above issues and derived research questions. They do this by way of both general reflection and the concrete results of research carried out on the situations in border areas, as well as the conditioning, level and structure of border traffic. Taken together, the texts presented here incline the reader to conclude that EU support for cross-border or transboundary cooperation needs redefining even in the present, and all the more so as we arrive at further programming periods. The support in question ought to be coordinated more effectively with Cohesion Policy as a whole, while also taking the global geopolitical context into account. It should also address matters of cross-border or transboundary public services, resilience in the face of crisis, and the natural heritage present in or constituted by border zones.

Keywords: border, cross-border and transboundary co-operation, EU Cohesion Policy, Interreg

Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Komornicki, T. (2021). Editorial: New challenges for European cross-border and transboundary cooperation. Europa XXI, 40, 5-9. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2021.40.8
MLA: Komornicki, Tomasz. "Editorial: New challenges for European cross-border and transboundary cooperation". Europa XXI, vol. 40, 2021, pp. 5-9. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2021.40.8
Chicago: Komornicki, Tomasz. "Editorial: New challenges for European cross-border and transboundary cooperation". Europa XXI 40 (2021): 5-9. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2021.40.8
Harvard: Komornicki, T. 2021. "Editorial: New challenges for European cross-border and transboundary cooperation". Europa XXI, vol. 40, pp. 5-9. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2021.40.8

Abstract

While Poland has been perceived as a country that mainly receives migrants from the neighbouring Eastern Europe, it is also increasingly now representing an attractive place to work or study for migrants from other countries completely foreign from Poland in terms of their language and culture. However, as data on such international migrations are affected by numerous errors but can be supplemented by long-term statistics on border traffic, the work detailed here has sought: (a) to evaluate longterm trends to the structure of foreign traffic incoming across the country’s eastern border; (b) to identify causes of change in the composition of incoming cross-border traffic in terms of nationality, in relation to the geopolitical situation (pertaining both in Europe and the countries of origin); (c) to define the roles particular sections of Poland’s eastern border play in the migration-pressure context. The study was based on statistical data for the period 1994-2019 obtained from the Polish Border Guard. In an effort to encapsulate current migration tendencies, particular attention was paid to the citizens of Syria, Somalia, Nigeria, Iraq, Bangladesh and India. However, analysis also extended to the inflow of citizens of relatively closer migration origin, i.e. from countries like Moldova, Georgia, Armenia and Kazakhstan. In the period under investigation, Poland’s eastern border was found to have been subject to the impact of economic factors (influencing cross-border traffic), while also – over time – becoming ever-more susceptible to geopolitical events (e.g. the crisis in Ukraine and the migration crisis in Europe as a whole). Significant growth was to observed, not only (obviously) in numbers incoming from neighbouring countries, but also where other, non-European countries were concerned. Looked at long-term (over the last 30 years), Poland’s eastern border can be seen to have changed in nature several times, transcending local status in favour of global, but also moving in the opposite direction.

Keywords: border, border traffic, eastern border of Poland, migration

Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Rafał Wiśniewski [rafwis@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN

Citation

APA: Komornicki, T., & Wiśniewski, R. (2021). The role of Poland’s Eastern border in global migration systems. Europa XXI, 40, 83-98. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2021.40.7
MLA: Komornicki, Tomasz, and Wiśniewski, Rafał. "The role of Poland’s Eastern border in global migration systems". Europa XXI, vol. 40, 2021, pp. 83-98. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2021.40.7
Chicago: Komornicki, Tomasz, and Wiśniewski, Rafał. "The role of Poland’s Eastern border in global migration systems". Europa XXI 40 (2021): 83-98. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2021.40.7
Harvard: Komornicki, T., & Wiśniewski, R. 2021. "The role of Poland’s Eastern border in global migration systems". Europa XXI, vol. 40, pp. 83-98. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2021.40.7

József Lennert [lennert.jozsef@krtk.hun-ren.hu], HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute for Regional Studies 1097 Budapest Tóth Kálmán u. 4: Hungary
Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Lennert, J., & Komornicki, T. (2020). In Memoriam: Bálint Csatári (1949–2019). Europa XXI, 39, 121-125. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.4
MLA: Lennert, József, and Komornicki, Tomasz. "In Memoriam: Bálint Csatári (1949–2019)". Europa XXI, vol. 39, 2020, pp. 121-125. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.4
Chicago: Lennert, József, and Komornicki, Tomasz. "In Memoriam: Bálint Csatári (1949–2019)". Europa XXI 39 (2020): 121-125. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.4
Harvard: Lennert, J., & Komornicki, T. 2020. "In Memoriam: Bálint Csatári (1949–2019)". Europa XXI, vol. 39, pp. 121-125. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2020.39.4

Abstract

The main objective of the paper is to present directions of mutual interrelationships between the state of spatial planning (at different levels of public administration) and effective cohesion policy, conceived as operational programmes carried out in Poland in the years 2004-2016. In the research study, the following results were attained: defining the basic planning conditions of development policies implementation resulting from integration with EU, indicating the consequences of these conditions for territorial governance and for the implementation of cohesion policy, as well as identifying the solutions adopted by Poland lying at the intersection between spatial development and investments financed by the EU funds. The paper presents the most important challenges, adopted solutions and effects of their utilization in Poland within three thematic issues: a) polycentricity and suburbanisation, b) transport infrastructure and accessibility and c) natural and cultural heritage.

Keywords: territorial governance, spatial planning, cohesion policy, Territorial Agenda 2020

Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Barbara Szejgiec-Kolenda [b.szejgiec@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Bożena Degórska [bodego@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. S. Leszczyckiego PAN
Katarzyna Goch [gochkatarzyna@gmail.com], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Przemysław Śleszyński [psleszyn@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN
Maria Bednarek-Szczepańska [bednarek@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. S. Leszczyckiego PAN
Piotr Siłka [psilka@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Komornicki, T., Szejgiec-Kolenda, B., Degórska, B., Goch, K., Śleszyński, P., Bednarek-Szczepańska, M., & Siłka, P. (2018). Spatial planning determinants of cohesion policy implementation in Polish regions. Europa XXI, 35, 69-87. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2018.35.5
MLA: Komornicki, Tomasz, et al. "Spatial planning determinants of cohesion policy implementation in Polish regions". Europa XXI, vol. 35, 2018, pp. 69-87. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2018.35.5
Chicago: Komornicki, Tomasz, Szejgiec-Kolenda, Barbara, Degórska, Bożena, Goch, Katarzyna, Śleszyński, Przemysław, Bednarek-Szczepańska, Maria, and Siłka, Piotr. "Spatial planning determinants of cohesion policy implementation in Polish regions". Europa XXI 35 (2018): 69-87. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2018.35.5
Harvard: Komornicki, T., Szejgiec-Kolenda, B., Degórska, B., Goch, K., Śleszyński, P., Bednarek-Szczepańska, M., & Siłka, P. 2018. "Spatial planning determinants of cohesion policy implementation in Polish regions". Europa XXI, vol. 35, pp. 69-87. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2018.35.5

Abstract The purpose of the study, whose results are reported in the present paper, was to assess the changes in the spatial accessibility, resulting from the realisation of large road investment projects in Poland in the period 2004–2013. Attention was primarily focused on changes in overall accessibility and on investment projects, constituting three chosen case studies. The method, selected for the measurement of the level of spatial accessibility and of its changes, was based on the indicator of potential accessibility. Each analysis was carried out in parallel in three dimensions: European, national, and regional. It was stated that the improvement in the international and national accessibility, which took place in Poland due to the road projects, was highly uneven in space. It was determined by the location of the routes constructed and the distribution of the demographic potential in space. The resulting distribution of accessibility became more polarised, this being inevitable in the situation of undertaking numerous projects within a short time. The projects realised served more the international and inter-metropolitan connections, while their influence on the improvement of the situation within the provinces was smaller. The study confirmed the earlier apprehensions that the motorways might produce the “tunnel effect” (understood as limitation of the service to uniquely the long-distance connections). This sort of threat is decidedly smaller in the case of the expressways. It was also demonstrated that the correct location of the nodes might have a perceptible impact on the spatial reach of the positive effects from the projects.

Keywords: potential accessibility, Poland, road projects

Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Marcin Stępniak [stepniak@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Komornicki, T., & Stępniak, M. (2015). New investment projects in the road corridors and the improvement of the potential accessibility in Poland. Europa XXI, 28, 33-52. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.28.2
MLA: Komornicki, Tomasz, and Stępniak, Marcin. "New investment projects in the road corridors and the improvement of the potential accessibility in Poland". Europa XXI, vol. 28, 2015, pp. 33-52. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.28.2
Chicago: Komornicki, Tomasz, and Stępniak, Marcin. "New investment projects in the road corridors and the improvement of the potential accessibility in Poland". Europa XXI 28 (2015): 33-52. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.28.2
Harvard: Komornicki, T., & Stępniak, M. 2015. "New investment projects in the road corridors and the improvement of the potential accessibility in Poland". Europa XXI, vol. 28, pp. 33-52. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.28.2

Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Rafał Wiśniewski [rafwis@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN

Citation

APA: Komornicki, T., & Wiśniewski, R. (2015). Europa XXI 28 (2015), Editorial. Europa XXI, 28, 5-7. https://doi.org/
MLA: Komornicki, Tomasz, and Wiśniewski, Rafał. "Europa XXI 28 (2015), Editorial". Europa XXI, vol. 28, 2015, pp. 5-7. https://doi.org/
Chicago: Komornicki, Tomasz, and Wiśniewski, Rafał. "Europa XXI 28 (2015), Editorial". Europa XXI 28 (2015): 5-7. https://doi.org/
Harvard: Komornicki, T., & Wiśniewski, R. 2015. "Europa XXI 28 (2015), Editorial". Europa XXI, vol. 28, pp. 5-7. https://doi.org/

Abstract Accessibility of public services constitutes an essential element, defining the level of development of a given region and the standard of living of its inhabitants. The present report attempts to shed light on the spatial accessibility to services in the local dimension, with consideration of the important factor, constituted by the development of road infrastructure, which, side by side with economic advantages (enhancement of competitiveness and attractiveness) and improvement of accessibility, should also bring social effects, in particular – increase of spatial mobility and improvement of the overall living standards and the quality of life (Domańska, 2006). The significance of the development of road infrastructure and its influence on the changes in potential accessibility have also been analysed.

Keywords: transport-related investments, motorways, accessibility, public services

Rafał Wiśniewski [rafwis@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN
Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Wiśniewski, R., & Komornicki, T. (2015). The influence of road corridors on the social condition of adjacent areas. Europa XXI, 28, 53-70. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.28.3
MLA: Wiśniewski, Rafał, and Komornicki, Tomasz. "The influence of road corridors on the social condition of adjacent areas". Europa XXI, vol. 28, 2015, pp. 53-70. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.28.3
Chicago: Wiśniewski, Rafał, and Komornicki, Tomasz. "The influence of road corridors on the social condition of adjacent areas". Europa XXI 28 (2015): 53-70. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.28.3
Harvard: Wiśniewski, R., & Komornicki, T. 2015. "The influence of road corridors on the social condition of adjacent areas". Europa XXI, vol. 28, pp. 53-70. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2015.28.3

Keywords: accessibility, transport infrastructure, accessibility pattern, TEN-T, GIS, Poland

Marcin Stępniak [stepniak@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa, Poland
Piotr Rosik [rosik@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. S. Leszczyckiego PAN
Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Stępniak, M., Rosik, P., & Komornicki, T. (2013). Accessibility patterns: Poland case study. Europa XXI, 24, 77-93. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.24.6
MLA: Stępniak, Marcin, et al. "Accessibility patterns: Poland case study". Europa XXI, vol. 24, 2013, pp. 77-93. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.24.6
Chicago: Stępniak, Marcin, Rosik, Piotr, and Komornicki, Tomasz. "Accessibility patterns: Poland case study". Europa XXI 24 (2013): 77-93. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.24.6
Harvard: Stępniak, M., Rosik, P., & Komornicki, T. 2013. "Accessibility patterns: Poland case study". Europa XXI, vol. 24, pp. 77-93. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.24.6

Keywords: services of general interest, case studies, national and regional level, ESPON

Dariusz Świątek [swiatekd@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Piotr Siłka [psilka@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Świątek, D., Komornicki, T., & Siłka, P. (2013). Services of General Interest: empirical evidence from case studies of the SeGI project. Europa XXI, 23, 105-129. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.23.6
MLA: Świątek, Dariusz, et al. "Services of General Interest: empirical evidence from case studies of the SeGI project". Europa XXI, vol. 23, 2013, pp. 105-129. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.23.6
Chicago: Świątek, Dariusz, Komornicki, Tomasz, and Siłka, Piotr. "Services of General Interest: empirical evidence from case studies of the SeGI project". Europa XXI 23 (2013): 105-129. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.23.6
Harvard: Świątek, D., Komornicki, T., & Siłka, P. 2013. "Services of General Interest: empirical evidence from case studies of the SeGI project". Europa XXI, vol. 23, pp. 105-129. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.23.6

Keywords: economic services of general interests, social services of general interests, spatial analysis, Mazovia, Poland

Dariusz Świątek [swiatekd@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Konrad Czapiewski [konrad@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Świątek, D., Czapiewski, K., & Komornicki, T. (2013). Services of General Interests in Mazowsze region– abbreviation of ESPON SeGI case study report. Europa XXI, 23, 149-176. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.23.8
MLA: Świątek, Dariusz, et al. "Services of General Interests in Mazowsze region– abbreviation of ESPON SeGI case study report". Europa XXI, vol. 23, 2013, pp. 149-176. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.23.8
Chicago: Świątek, Dariusz, Czapiewski, Konrad, and Komornicki, Tomasz. "Services of General Interests in Mazowsze region– abbreviation of ESPON SeGI case study report". Europa XXI 23 (2013): 149-176. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.23.8
Harvard: Świątek, D., Czapiewski, K., & Komornicki, T. 2013. "Services of General Interests in Mazowsze region– abbreviation of ESPON SeGI case study report". Europa XXI, vol. 23, pp. 149-176. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2013.23.8

Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Komornicki, T. (2013). Europa XXI 23 (2013), Editorial. Europa XXI, 23, 5-5. https://doi.org/
MLA: Komornicki, Tomasz. "Europa XXI 23 (2013), Editorial". Europa XXI, vol. 23, 2013, pp. 5-5. https://doi.org/
Chicago: Komornicki, Tomasz. "Europa XXI 23 (2013), Editorial". Europa XXI 23 (2013): 5-5. https://doi.org/
Harvard: Komornicki, T. 2013. "Europa XXI 23 (2013), Editorial". Europa XXI, vol. 23, pp. 5-5. https://doi.org/

Abstract Accessibility is widely used term and plays an important role in many scientific fields. It determines the advantage of one location over the other. Although there are different measures and number of studies on accessibility in the world literature, there are relatively few so far in Poland at the national level. The purpose of this article is to present some results of ongoing research that have been carried out at the IGSO PAS in 2007 and 2008. The projects led to development of methods of calculating time accessibility and the multimodal potential accessibility indicator of the area of Poland. The time accessibility is measured by using the isochronic-based and distance-based accessibility measures. The multimodal potential accessibility indicator is meant to be utilized, for evaluating the possible effects of construction and modernization of the transport network that are envisaged in the EU supported operational programs. The measure may be calculated separately for carriage of goods and passengers, the 16 voivodships (provinces of Poland) and four modes of transport (road, railways, inland waterways and air).

Keywords: multimodal accessibility, potential, transport infrastructure, Poland

Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Piotr Rosik [rosik@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. S. Leszczyckiego PAN
Przemysław Śleszyński [psleszyn@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN
Wojciech Pomianowski [wpo@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Komornicki, T., Rosik, P., Śleszyński, P., & Pomianowski, W. (2010). How can we measure spatial accessibility of the territory of Poland?. Europa XXI, 21, 7-17. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2010.21.1
MLA: Komornicki, Tomasz, et al. "How can we measure spatial accessibility of the territory of Poland?". Europa XXI, vol. 21, 2010, pp. 7-17. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2010.21.1
Chicago: Komornicki, Tomasz, Rosik, Piotr, Śleszyński, Przemysław, and Pomianowski, Wojciech. "How can we measure spatial accessibility of the territory of Poland?". Europa XXI 21 (2010): 7-17. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2010.21.1
Harvard: Komornicki, T., Rosik, P., Śleszyński, P., & Pomianowski, W. 2010. "How can we measure spatial accessibility of the territory of Poland?". Europa XXI, vol. 21, pp. 7-17. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2010.21.1

Abstract In the paper the results of research project “Flows of persons and goods across the Polish segment of the outer boundary of the European Union” are presented. Primary objective of the project was to determine the influence exerted by the strengthening of the function of the political boundary (which took place after Poland had entered the European Union) on the magnitude and structure of cross-boundary flows, in spatial perspective. The study concerned the flows of persons, vehicles and goods across three segments of the Polish national boundary, constituting, at the same time, the fragments of the boundary of the Union, namely those with Russia (Kaliningrad district), Belarus and Ukraine. Flows were analysed at the border according to the crossing points and the modes of transport (road and railway border crossings).

Keywords: Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, outer boudary of European Union, flows of persons and goods, road and railway border crossing

Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Komornicki, T. (2010). Flows of persons and goods across the Polish segment of the outer boundary of the European Union—results of a research project. Europa XXI, 20, 9-29. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2010.20.1
MLA: Komornicki, Tomasz. "Flows of persons and goods across the Polish segment of the outer boundary of the European Union—results of a research project". Europa XXI, vol. 20, 2010, pp. 9-29. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2010.20.1
Chicago: Komornicki, Tomasz. "Flows of persons and goods across the Polish segment of the outer boundary of the European Union—results of a research project". Europa XXI 20 (2010): 9-29. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2010.20.1
Harvard: Komornicki, T. 2010. "Flows of persons and goods across the Polish segment of the outer boundary of the European Union—results of a research project". Europa XXI, vol. 20, pp. 9-29. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2010.20.1