Europa XXI (2023) vol. 44

Margarita Ilieva [ilieva_mm@abv.bg], Professor Emeritus National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 3, 1113 Sofia: Bulgaria / Institute of Geography, Kazimierz Wielki University Plac Kościeleckich 8, 85-033 Bydgoszcz: Poland

Citation

APA: Ilieva, M. (2023). Prof. Konrad Czapiewski’s Cooperation with Bulgarian Geographers. Europa XXI, 44, 2. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.2
MLA: Ilieva, Margarita. "Prof. Konrad Czapiewski’s Cooperation with Bulgarian Geographers". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 2. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.2
Chicago: Ilieva, Margarita. "Prof. Konrad Czapiewski’s Cooperation with Bulgarian Geographers". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 2. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.2
Harvard: Ilieva, M. 2023. "Prof. Konrad Czapiewski’s Cooperation with Bulgarian Geographers". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 2. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.2

Abstract

There are regions in Europe that are particularly vulnerable both environmentally and socially. Hungary's Sand Ridge in the Danube–Tisza Interfluve (Homokhátság in Hungarian) is considered such a region. The water balance of these lowland landscapes has been negative for decades, and complex ecological and social problems have escalated in parallel with aridification. Therefore, this region deserves special attention from the territorial development perspective. Over the last two decades, our successive studies have revealed that development policies in the region have been unsuccessful on multiple occasions, unable to alter the core negative trends significantly. We also noticed the mistakes and inertness of spatial planning when we worked on our current applied research: the Sand Ridge Regional Development Concept and Program. This study aims to explore deficiencies and shortcomings of the spatial policy and identify the factors that have slowed territorial development. Insights from interviews with experts and surveys conducted with local municipalities highlight that access to European Union funds has not alleviated long-standing conflicts. Resource-driven and uniform planning has become one of the main hindering factors. According to the experts, the necessary complex programs have not been implemented, and many initiatives have stalled. They also expressed concerns that Sand Ridge's natural and social endangerment will continue to increase.

Keywords: Homokhátság, Hungary, regional planning, Sand Ridge, spatial policy, territorial development

András Donát Kovács [kovacs.andrasdonat@krtk.hun-ren.hu], HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute for Regional Studies 1097 Budapest Tóth Kálmán u. 4: Hungary
Jenő Zsolt Farkas [farkas.jenozsolt@krtk.hun-ren.hu], HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute for Regional Studies 1097 Budapest Tóth Kálmán u. 4: Hungary
Viktor Varjú [varju.viktor@krtk.hun-ren.hu], HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute for Regional Studies 1097 Budapest Tóth Kálmán u. 4: Hungary
Ádám Szalai [szalai.adam@krtk.hun-ren.hu], HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute for Regional Studies 1097 Budapest Tóth Kálmán u. 4: Hungary
Edit Hoyk [hoyk.edit@krtk.hun-ren.hu], HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute for Regional Studies 1097 Budapest Tóth Kálmán u. 4: Hungary
József Lennert [lennert.jozsef@krtk.hun-ren.hu], HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute for Regional Studies 1097 Budapest Tóth Kálmán u. 4: Hungary
Béla Csáki [csaki.bela@csongradcsanad.hu], Csongrád-Csanád County Municipality Office 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 2-4: Hungary

Citation

APA: Kovács, A., Farkas, J., Varjú, V., Szalai, �., Hoyk, E., Lennert, J., & Csáki, B. (2023). Delays in Territorial Development – Case Study of the Hungarian Sand Ridge Region. Europa XXI, 44, 3. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.3
MLA: Kovács, András Donát, et al. "Delays in Territorial Development – Case Study of the Hungarian Sand Ridge Region". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 3. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.3
Chicago: Kovács, András Donát, Farkas, Jenő Zsolt, Varjú, Viktor, Szalai, Ádám, Hoyk, Edit, Lennert, József, and Csáki, Béla. "Delays in Territorial Development – Case Study of the Hungarian Sand Ridge Region". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 3. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.3
Harvard: Kovács, A., Farkas, J., Varjú, V., Szalai, �., Hoyk, E., Lennert, J., & Csáki, B. 2023. "Delays in Territorial Development – Case Study of the Hungarian Sand Ridge Region". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 3. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.3

Abstract

People need to travel for work, education, shopping, recreation, healthcare and other services. Because not everyone owns or uses a personal vehicle for various reasons, pressure is created to organise public transport as a service of the public interest, which is supposed to eliminate the potential transport-related social exclusion of inhabitants from territories with poor transport accessibility. The subject of the study is an analysis of the daily accessibility by public transport of 8 regional (administrative) centres in Slovakia (Bratislava, Trnava, Trenčín, Nitra, Banská Bystrica, Žilina, Košice, Prešov) from all municipalities of their self-governing regions (during working days and Sundays). We pay attention to regional comparisons of the identified spatial extent of disadvantaged areas by public transport and the quantity of the affected population with the potential risk of their social exclusion also due to the existing state of public transport organisation in individual regions.

Keywords: daily accessibility, potential transport-related social exclusion of inhabitants, public transport-disadvantaged areas, regional centres, Slovakia.

Vladimír Székely [szekely@savba.sk], Institute of Geography Slovak Academy of Sciences Stefánikova 49, 814 73 Bratislava: Slovakia
Ján Novotný [geognovo@savba.sk], Institute of Geography Slovak Academy of Sciences Stefánikova 49, 814 73 Bratislava: Slovakia
Daniel Michniak [geogmich@savba.sk], Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences Štefánikova 49, 814 73 Bratislava: Slovak Republic

Citation

APA: Székely, V., Novotný, J., & Michniak, D. (2023). Without a car and overnight stay, can a visit to a regional centre be an unattainable goal in Slovakia?. Europa XXI, 44, 4. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.4
MLA: Székely, Vladimír, et al. "Without a car and overnight stay, can a visit to a regional centre be an unattainable goal in Slovakia?". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 4. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.4
Chicago: Székely, Vladimír, Novotný, Ján, and Michniak, Daniel. "Without a car and overnight stay, can a visit to a regional centre be an unattainable goal in Slovakia?". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 4. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.4
Harvard: Székely, V., Novotný, J., & Michniak, D. 2023. "Without a car and overnight stay, can a visit to a regional centre be an unattainable goal in Slovakia?". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 4. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.4

Abstract

In recent years, rural development planning has increasingly focused on the commodification of local resources or the ‘localisation of rural economies’. However, there is a lack of research on how local economies work and what is the extent of local expenditure. In our analysis of more than 1,600 receipts collected in one month by 38 research participants from a Czech rural locality of Nejdek, we measure the rate of localness of their expenditures. The results show that only one quarter of expenditure was made in this locality and only 10% in the examined villages. In the case of food, more than half of the expenditure in this category was made in the locality, but more than 80% of it in local supermarkets operated by transnational retailers. Such patterns are given by the specifics of socialist agriculture and post-socialist economic restructuring and significantly reduce the potential for the economic localisation endeavour.

Keywords: Czechia, economic localisation, household spending, rural areas

Vladan Hruška [vladan.hruska@ujep.cz], Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem: Czechia
Kateřina Pittlová, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem: Czechia
Zdeňka Smutná [zdenka.smutna@ujep.cz], Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem: Czechia

Citation

APA: Hruška, V., Pittlová, K., & Smutná, Z. (2023). Measuring the localness of household expenditure in a post-socialist rural periphery. Europa XXI, 44, 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.5
MLA: Hruška, Vladan, et al. "Measuring the localness of household expenditure in a post-socialist rural periphery". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.5
Chicago: Hruška, Vladan, Pittlová, Kateřina, and Smutná, Zdeňka. "Measuring the localness of household expenditure in a post-socialist rural periphery". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.5
Harvard: Hruška, V., Pittlová, K., & Smutná, Z. 2023. "Measuring the localness of household expenditure in a post-socialist rural periphery". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 5. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.5

Abstract

The year 2015 was a turning point for the migration and asylum system in the EU and Greece.Almost 900,000 migrants and refugees crossed Turkey’s land and sea borders on their way to Europe. Theso-called ‘migration and refugee crisis’ dominated the academic and political discourse and provokeddifferent reactions from local communities, civil society and long-time resident migrants. Especially in ruralareas, the newly arriving refugees triggered different reactions from the local population. At the sametime, accommodating the refugees and facilitating their integration into rural localities created additionalinfrastructure needs. Drawing on the theoretical discussion on migrant infrastructures’ and ‘arrivalinfrastructures’, the main objective of this paper is to discuss the different manifestations of migrantinfrastructures in rural communities, in Western Greece in particular. The paper draws on a recentempirical study conducted in the framework of a project that explored territorial inequalities and the linkswith different forms of mobility in both urban (Attiki Region) and rural areas of Greece (Western GreeceRegion). While the discussion on arrival infrastructures mainly relates to urban settings, in this paperwe argue that the rural context informs and enriches the debate, allowing to be considered in termsof non-fixed assemblages of institutional (formal) and non-institutional (informal) arrangements that fulfilboth tangible and less tangible needs and requirements. Forging better links between the migrationinfrastructures approach and the formulation of imaginaries and characteristics of wellbeing will enablea better understanding of refugee agency, and one more informed by social theory.

Keywords: migration infrastructures, migrant networks, newly arriving populations, rural areas, social inequalities

Apostolos G. Papadopoulos [apospapa@hua.gr], Institute of Social Research, National Centre for Social Research (EKKE) 9 Kratinou & Athinas st.,Kotzia Square, 105 52, Athens: Greece / Department of Geography, Harokopio University 70, El. Venizelou Street, 17671, Kallithea, Athens: Greece
Loukia-Maria Fratsea [fratsea@hua.gr], Department of Geography, Harokopio University 70, El. Venizelou Street, 17671, Kallithea, Athens: Greece

Citation

APA: Papadopoulos, A., & Fratsea, L. (2023). (Non-)Institutional Manifestations of Migrant Infrastructures for Refugees in Rural Greece. Europa XXI, 44, 11. https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2023.44.11
MLA: Papadopoulos, Apostolos G., and Fratsea, Loukia-Maria. "(Non-)Institutional Manifestations of Migrant Infrastructures for Refugees in Rural Greece". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 11. https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2023.44.11
Chicago: Papadopoulos, Apostolos G., and Fratsea, Loukia-Maria. "(Non-)Institutional Manifestations of Migrant Infrastructures for Refugees in Rural Greece". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 11. https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2023.44.11
Harvard: Papadopoulos, A., & Fratsea, L. 2023. "(Non-)Institutional Manifestations of Migrant Infrastructures for Refugees in Rural Greece". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 11. https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2023.44.11

Denis Cerić [d.ceric@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw: Poland
Tomasz Komornicki [t.komorn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw: Poland

Citation

APA: Cerić, D., & Komornicki, T. (2023). Honouring the legacy of Prof. Konrad Czapiewski: the Warsaw Regional Forum. Europa XXI, 44, 12. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.12
MLA: Cerić, Denis, and Komornicki, Tomasz. "Honouring the legacy of Prof. Konrad Czapiewski: the Warsaw Regional Forum". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 12. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.12
Chicago: Cerić, Denis, and Komornicki, Tomasz. "Honouring the legacy of Prof. Konrad Czapiewski: the Warsaw Regional Forum". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 12. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.12
Harvard: Cerić, D., & Komornicki, T. 2023. "Honouring the legacy of Prof. Konrad Czapiewski: the Warsaw Regional Forum". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 12. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.12

Abstract

Contemporary metropolitan areas present landscapes in transition towards sustainability, showing a regenerative potential based on their own natural, aesthetic, social, eco-systemic characteristics. This is connected to forms of landscape regeneration, taking into account different structures: spatial features, economic forces, but also communities’ perceptions and imaginaries. This paper unpacks this general question by making reference to some experimentations in the Campania Region in the South of Italy, and by investigating the ecological dimension within an Urban Metabolism approach and through a Living Labs methodology, to achieve communities’ and institutional engagement in the co-creation of knowledge and regeneration strategies.

Keywords: co-creation, ecology, Living Labs, regeneration, repairing, periurban, socio-spatial dimension, transitional landscapes, urban metabolism

Libera Amenta [libera.amenta@unina.it], Department of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II Via Toledo 402, 80134 Naples: Italy
Anna Attademo [anna.attademo@unina.it], Department of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II Via Toledo 402, 80134 Naples: Italy
Gilda Berruti [gberruti@unina.it]
Maria Federica Palestino [palestin@unina.it]
Michelangelo Russo [russomic@unina.it], Department of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II Via Toledo 402, 80134 Naples: Italy

Citation

APA: Amenta, L., Attademo, A., Berruti, G., Palestino, M., & Russo, M. (2023). Repairing Landscapes toward the Regeneration of Periurban Ecologies. A Living Lab process in the South of Italy. Europa XXI, 44, 13. https://doi.org/
MLA: Amenta, Libera, et al. "Repairing Landscapes toward the Regeneration of Periurban Ecologies. A Living Lab process in the South of Italy". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 13. https://doi.org/
Chicago: Amenta, Libera, Attademo, Anna, Berruti, Gilda, Palestino, Maria Federica, and Russo, Michelangelo. "Repairing Landscapes toward the Regeneration of Periurban Ecologies. A Living Lab process in the South of Italy". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 13. https://doi.org/
Harvard: Amenta, L., Attademo, A., Berruti, G., Palestino, M., & Russo, M. 2023. "Repairing Landscapes toward the Regeneration of Periurban Ecologies. A Living Lab process in the South of Italy". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 13. https://doi.org/

Abstract

In the pre-war period, Ukraine faced significant development gaps, and a large part of its territory was in unfavourable social and environmental conditions. Despite some reforms, the overall imbalances of the spatial framework remained unchanged, and the processes of European integration were de facto rather slow. At the same time, Russia's geopolitical influence and the geo-economic impact of various global actors remained prominent. The outbreak of the war in 2022 led to large-scale changes in the structure of regional centres, significant social shifts, and further policy transformation at all levels. Communities and territories affected by the war consequences to varying degrees now demonstrate different patterns of development capacity and resilience, as well as its vision, which obviously leads to functional changes. The article aims to analyze the transformation processes caused by the hostilities, to reassess the guidelines for regional development, and to identify the priorities of post-war recovery.

Keywords: post-war recovery, spatial development, spatial planning, strategies, Ukraine

Sergiy Lisovskyi [salisovsky@gmail.com]
Leonid Rudenko [l.gr.rudenko@gmail.com], Institute of Geography, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Volodymyrska str., 44, Kyiv, 01054: Ukraine

Citation

APA: Maruniak, E., Lisovskyi, S., & Rudenko, L. (2023). The spatial dimension of the war effects in Ukraine: An agenda for country recovery. Europa XXI, 44, 6 s. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.6
MLA: Maruniak, Eugenia, et al. "The spatial dimension of the war effects in Ukraine: An agenda for country recovery". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 6 s. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.6
Chicago: Maruniak, Eugenia, Lisovskyi, Sergiy, and Rudenko, Leonid. "The spatial dimension of the war effects in Ukraine: An agenda for country recovery". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 6 s. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.6
Harvard: Maruniak, E., Lisovskyi, S., & Rudenko, L. 2023. "The spatial dimension of the war effects in Ukraine: An agenda for country recovery". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 6 s. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.6

Abstract

The economy has been developing exceptionally dynamically in recent decades. In the Central European countries of the former Eastern Bloc, the transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy contributed to these dynamics after 1989. Despite a large number of analyses at the national level or in particular cities, the impact of this development on rural areas has yet to be researched. This study aims to contribute to filling this gap. Its goal is to estimate and assess the development of the number, spatial distribution, and sectoral structure of jobs in the Slovak rural areas over the period 1991-2021. The study uses two approaches to the definition of rural municipalities and explores spatial differentiation of changes. Analysing data on the economically active population and commuting to work, both based on sectoral structure, provides a reliable basis for making qualified estimates regarding the quantity and composition of jobs, even at the local level. The study confirms that municipalities considered rural administratively showed neutral or positive changes in the number of jobs and strong shift from agricultural to diversified rural economy. However, positive changes were mainly driven by suburban areas. When excluding them from consideration, rural municipalities show a rapid decline in the number of jobs and changes in the sectoral structure driven mainly by the decrease in agricultural jobs.

Keywords: rural areas, rural regions, employment, sectoral structure, post-socialist, Slovakia

Ladislav Novotný [ladislav.novotný@upjs.sk], Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Insitute of Geography Jesenná 5, 040 01 Košice: Slovakia
Marián Kulla [marian.kulla@upjs.sk], Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Insitute of Geography Jesenná 5, 040 01 Košice: Slovakia
Janetta Nestorová Dická [janetta.nestorova-dicka@upjs.sk], Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Insitute of Geography Jesenná 5, 040 01 Košice: Slovakia
Loránt Pregi [lorant.pregi@upjs.sk], Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Insitute of Geography Jesenná 5, 040 01 Košice: Slovakia

Citation

APA: Novotný, L., Kulla, M., Nestorová Dická, J., & Pregi, L. (2023). Three decades of economic changes of rural Slovakia. Europa XXI, 44, 7. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.7
MLA: Novotný, Ladislav, et al. "Three decades of economic changes of rural Slovakia". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 7. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.7
Chicago: Novotný, Ladislav, Kulla, Marián, Nestorová Dická, Janetta, and Pregi, Loránt. "Three decades of economic changes of rural Slovakia". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 7. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.7
Harvard: Novotný, L., Kulla, M., Nestorová Dická, J., & Pregi, L. 2023. "Three decades of economic changes of rural Slovakia". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 7. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.7

Abstract

This paper examines patterns of rural-urban inequality in Europe. Econometric analysis of quantitative data, new large-n survey data, and stakeholder interviews are utilised, revealing a broad trajectory of convergence between rural and urban areas that is cross-cut by pockets of persistent disadvantage and by contrasts between different parts of Europe. The paper employs the concept of spatial justice to consider the factors shaping these patterns and their political effects. It shows that while EU programmes have had some impact on material measures of inequality, perceived spatial injustice remains, creating opportunities for disruptive political movements.

Keywords: Europe, inequality, mixed methods, rural, spatial justice

Michael Woods [m.woods@aber.ac.uk], Aberystwyth University Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences Penglais, SY23 3DB, Aberystwyth: United Kingdom

Citation

APA: Woods, M. (2023). Rural-Urban Inequalities and Spatial Justice in Europe. Europa XXI, 44, 8. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.8
MLA: Woods, Michael. "Rural-Urban Inequalities and Spatial Justice in Europe". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 8. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.8
Chicago: Woods, Michael. "Rural-Urban Inequalities and Spatial Justice in Europe". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 8. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.8
Harvard: Woods, M. 2023. "Rural-Urban Inequalities and Spatial Justice in Europe". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 8. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.8

Melinda Smahó [smaho.melinda@krtk.hun-ren.hu / smahom@sze.hu], Hungarian Research Network Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute for Regional Studies West-Hungarian Research Department / Széchenyi István University, Albert Kázmér Agricultural Faculty Mosonmagyaróvár

Citation

APA: Smahó, M. (2023). Friends forever. Europa XXI, 44, 9. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.9
MLA: Smahó, Melinda. "Friends forever". Europa XXI, vol. 44, 2023, pp. 9. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.9
Chicago: Smahó, Melinda. "Friends forever". Europa XXI 44 (2023): 9. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.9
Harvard: Smahó, M. 2023. "Friends forever". Europa XXI, vol. 44, pp. 9. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2023.44.9